Services
Services
Depth of Preclinical Microdialysis Analytical Expertise
PsychoGenics specializes in vivo microdialysis, offering comprehensive insights into the dynamic changes in the extracellular content of endogenous and exogenous molecules in the brain, blood and other tissues of living animals.
Single and Dual-Probe Microdialysis
Utilizing high-precision bioanalytical methods, we measure neurotransmitters including, but not limited to, acetylcholine, histamine, amino acids (such as glutamate, GABA, serine, and cysteine), and monoamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin), and their metabolites. Our techniques cater to both naïve and genetically modified animals, supplying key data for neuroscientific research and drug development.
Push-Pull Microdialysis Services
PsychoGenics offers push-pull microdialysis techniques for the collection of large molecules. This technique coupled with immunoassay detection permits measures of dynamic changes of peptides, proteins, and other large molecules such as α-Synuclein, Tau, and cytokines. Microdialysis probes with large molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO, 1000-3000 kDa) require special procedures for pressure equalization across the probe membrane to perform dialysis. We have successfully utilized several probes, AtmosLM (Eicom, San Diego,CA, USA), Brainlink (Brainlink, Groningen, NL) and CMA 12 Ultra HighCO (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA USA) for the recovery of extracellular large molecules.
PK/PD Microdialysis Services
PsychoGenics employs ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) bioanalysis, a cutting-edge technique that enables simultaneous analysis of endogenous and exogenous molecules in a single injection. This advanced approach allows for the generation of comprehensive PK/PD data in your preclinical microdialysis study, providing valuable insights into a drug’s effect on specific biomarkers of interest.
By integrating both endogenous and exogenous analyses, we provide an enhanced comprehension of a drug’s effects and its relationship with primary targets.
Retrodialysis Services
Psychogenics utilizes a variety of techniques for drug delivery to administer pharmaceutical agents either systemically (intramuscular, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous, or orally), or centrally (i.c.v.). In addition, we use retrodialysis to deliver drugs to different nuclei, such as striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala, where the drugs can directly affect the specific nuclei and bypass the blood-brain barrier, avoiding peripheral effects of systemically administered drugs. Subsequently, we are able to analyze neurotransmitters in situ in the same brain region or in a different brain nuclei using double probe microdialysis.